Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

Juan C. Martinez Camarillo MD from USC Roski Eye Institute / USC Institute of Biomedical Therapeutics, Los Angeles, CA, USA going to give  talk at Pediatric Ophthalmology 2018.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, interferometric imaging modality that enables cross-section imaging of the retina introduced in 1991. OCT Angiography (OCTA), initially described in 2005 and used in human eyes with methods based on amplitude or intensity until 2012. OCTA analyze in vivo structural and function of the retinal vasculature. A systematic review from advantages, disadvantages, results and expectations about OCTA in pediatric patients was addressed in this work. OCTA, an imaging technology dye-free open the possibility to increase its use in the entire range of pediatric patients without the side effects related to fluorescein and indocyanine green dyes. As described previously in many publications, scanning methodology used to generate the motion contrast signal, data processing, movement of the eye, and intrinsic properties of the eye are the well-known OCTA artefacts. Eye movement and intrinsic properties of the eye play an important role in children, due to eye development and its constant changes. The majority of the previous studies about OCTA in healthy patients were related to adults, likewise clinical studies using OCTA, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal occlusions, age-related macular degeneration and macular edema secondary to uveitis. After an extensive review in publication about pediatric patients, limited data from healthy children has been published. Furthermore, only case series and case control studies have been published including amblyopia and retinopathy of prematurity. Cases reports and case series are the only data available so far. Near future includes portable and intraoperative OCTA devices, being the next generation of imaging acquisition for pediatric patients.

Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS): 8-12 years

It is a congenital disorder of eye movement and diagnosed by age 10 years. Duane syndrome is when one or sometimes both eyes don’t turn to the side very well and the eyelids open and close as the eyes try to turn. Usually, it’s difficult for the eye to look towards the side, away from the nose. Sometimes, it also cannot look towards the nose.

Ciubotaru Andreea from Infosan Eye Clinic, Bucharest, Romania going to give presentation at Pediatric Ophthalmology 2018.

Vision Screening

Vision screening is a productive and cost-effective technique to recognize kids with visual impairment or eye issues that are probably leads to vision loss so that a referral can be made to an appropriate eye care professional for further assessment and treatment. There are several methods used to screen a child's vision. The method picked is largely dependent on the age of the child being screened and the experience of the surveyor.

For more details: https://pediatricophthalmology.conferenceseries.com/events-list/vision-screening

Several methods of vision screening are:

• Inspection of the eye
• Photo screening
• Corneal light reflex test
• Cover test
• Visual acuity test
• Children’s Vision Screening and Eye Care

Vision Screening equipment for kids

Childhood Blindness per 10 million populations in different regions

Magnitude of childhood blindness: 

• Estimated prevalence (using under-5 mortality rate as country categories):

        1. Low income countries 1.5/1000.
        2. High income countries 0.4/1000.

• 3/4 in poorest regions of Africa and Asia 
• Around 1.5 million blind children globally 
• Estimated incidence 530,000 children /year